Shanduko yeMacheya Emba Yekuchengeta muChina

Zeitner inocherekedza, zvisinei, kuti vakadzi zvino vanouya kumba vakura zvikuru uye vangava nourema hwomuviri hwakawanda kupfuura nakare kose, asi vashandi vakagadzirira kuvabetsera. Easton Home ine nzvimbo yehutano ine vashandi vanokwanisa, inotungamirwa naMary Linton, anga aine nyika kwemakore makumi maviri nerimwe.

Akapfuma munhoroondo, Imba yeEaston haisi imba inochengeterwa vakwegura kana sarudzo yekupedzisira yevakadzi vasina sarudzo. Makore mazhinji adarika mumba, kusekwa ndiko kwakava kwekupedzisira kuitirwa vakadzi vasina kumwe kwekuenda.

Mazhinji emisha inochengeterwa vakwegura aifambiswa nehurumende, makanzuru, hurumende dzenzvimbo kana maunganidzwa. Bato rekuChina rekuchengeta rakasangana nekukura kwakakura mumakore matatu kusvika mana apfuura, kubva pakuchengetwa kwemba kuenda kunharaunda dzevagere. Mumwe muenzaniso itiweki yenzvimbo dzinopfuura mazana maviri dzesevhisi dzakamiswa muShanghai yose.

Iyo yekuChina dhizaini yeatatu-matatu-yakareba-yerefu-yekuchengeta sisitimu inosimbisa zvakakodzera mabasa epamba nenharaunda. Rubatsiro rwetekinoroji runoonekwa serunoenderana nekuwedzera uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwevashandi vanochengeta. Kana vanhu vakaona kuti kurapwa kunoongororwa uye kubhadharwa pazvinenge zvichidiwa, zvinotoshamisa.

Kuno kuUK, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu rwakafanana neNHS uye vachave vakasununguka pavanenge vachiruda. Rubatsiro rwezvemagariro evanhu runosanganisira marudzi ese erubatsiro rwemunhu uye mamwe marudzi erubatsiro runoshanda kune vanhu vakuru vanoda rumwe rubatsiro. Pamatunhu ese enyika neepurovhinzi, hurumende yatanga kuwedzera mabasa ekuchengeta mhuri kutsigira kuchengeta mhuri nekubatsira vanhu kugara mudzimba dzavo.

Kunyange masevhisi epamba neveruzhinji achifarirwa nevakawanda vepamusoro uye vanotsigirwa nehurumende vanhu vekuChina, masevhisi akadai anoramba akapararira mumaguta mazhinji nemataundi eChina uye haapo kumaruwa. Makambani akawanda eUnited States uye makambani ega ega equity achangobva kuedza kuisa mari muWestern-style retirement housing muChina.42,43 Zvisinei, kune zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvekubudirira, kusanganisira niche isingagoneki yemusika (vazhinji vanoisa mari vari kutsvaga zvivako zvepamusoro izvo zvishoma. vakura vechiChinese vanogona kufungidzira.) bvumira), kusapindirana kwetsika (maitiro ekuMadokero kutarisira uye masevhisi anogona kusaenderana nemaitiro evatengi venzvimbo kana zvavanofarira), uye isina chokwadi nharaunda yekutonga.

Guo Xiaofei anotenda kuti fenicha yekuchengeta vachembera muChina parizvino iri muhurombo hwebudiriro uye haina hanya nekunzwisisa. Mune dzimwe dzimba huru dzevakwegura, midziyo yakapfava inoshandiswa zvishoma, nepo midziyo yesimbi ichinzi ndiyo yakawanda. Makambani ekugara anogadzira fenicha dzakasiyana siyana sematafura ekudyira, magirazi, matafura ekofi, madhesiki uye mabhodhi.

Vanhu vakagara pamubhedha vanowanzorara pamubhedha, sezvinongoita zuva rezuva rinowanzorara pamubhedha. Zvigaro zvisati zvaoneka, vanhu vazhinji vekuChina vaigara pasi kuti varare. Kazhinji, vanhuwo zvavo vane fenicha diki uye vanogona kugara pane chero chinhu: mabhenji, mabhaketi, kana pasi.

Munguva yemadzimambo maviri akatevera (Rwiyo rweKumaodzanyemba neRwiyo rweMaodzanyemba), kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzefenicha, kusanganisira macheya, mabhenji nezvituru, kwaizivikanwa munzanga yose yeChina. Magadzirirwo matsva uye akaomarara akabuda, senge misana yakatenderedzwa yakaumbwa kumuviri, kunyangwe pakutanga fenicha yakadaro yaingoshandiswa nevakuru vakuru uye vepamusoro veChinese, asi nekufamba kwenguva, fenicha yakadaro yakapararira kudzimba dzechero munhu aikwanisa kuitenga. Fenicha yemumba yekuChina, isina fenicha yekuMadokero, yakashanduka kuita mhando dzakawanda dzakafanana, kusanganisira macheya, matafura, zvituru, mawadhiropu, mawadhiropu, mibhedha, uye masofa. Zvigaro zvakaumbwa nemapuranga zvakatanga kuonekwa mumifananidzo yeChinese yakapoteredza 10th century.

Iwo macheya aripo echimiro ichi haasi pre-Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), asi panoratidzika kunge paine mamwe maartwork emuzana ramakore rechigumi muChina anoratidza chimiro chechigaro ichi. Iyo classical style yeChinese fenicha yakatanga muMaodzanyemba neNorth Song Dynasty (960-1279). Fenicha yave kunzi iChina inogona kuteverwa kumashure kweTang Dynasty (618-907). fenicha yeChinese yakakunda panguva yeMing neQing Dynasties; saka, Ming neQing style fenicha yakave yakajairika yechiChinese fenicha inowanzoonekwa nevanhu nhasi.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti maumbirwo ekutanga akagadzirwa muMing Dynasty anogona kuramba achionekwa pasi pekushongedzwa kwakaomarara kwakaiswa kune fenicha muQing Dynasty. Ming Dynasty fenicha inhanho yakakosha mukuvandudza kweChinese kugadzira matanda. Aka ndekekutanga munhoroondo yeChinese kuti dhizaini yefenicha inoratidzawo basa rayo.

Iyo inofadza aesthetics uye inofananidzira chirevo cheMing fenicha yakabatsira kusimudzira chimiro cheChinese mukushongedza kwemba kwazvino. Kutora fenicha muMing Dynasty semuenzaniso, hunyanzvi hwekufananidzira hunomiririra huzivi hwechiChinese tsika yekare. Hazvisi kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti pasina pesvedzero yeChinese dhizaini, fenicha yechinyakare yekuMadokero haingave sezvairi ikozvino.

Classical Chinese fenicha kazhinji inoreva nhamba huru yezvinhu zvakaitwa panguva yeMing neQing dynasties, kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 14 kusvika kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20. Inosanganisira matafura, wadhiropu, macheya, zvituru nemafuremu emubhedha, pamwe chete nemimwe midziyo inoshandiswa mumba.

Fenicha uye zvekare zvinosanganisira mapendi ekare akaisvonaka, masofa uye zvigaro, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekristaro zvakanakisa, china, marambi endarira uye akarukwa tapestries. Kana iwe uri kuChina, saka kune National Museum yeChina muBeijing, iyo ine yakakura muunganidzwa wefenicha kubva kuMing neQing dynasties. Dzidza nezvenhoroondo inoshamisa yefenicha yeChinese mune art Paintings kubva kuMing neQing dynasties inoratidza zvinoshamisa zvemukati nzvimbo, inodaro nyanzvi.

Usatya Kutsvedza Pasi Pefenicha Sezvo fenicha yeChinese yave ichishandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvingangoita kuti kunyangwe zvinhu zvemuenzaniso zvakambogadziriswa. Kuziva kuti fenicha inogadzirwa sei. fenicha yeChinese inowanzoitwa isina glue kana zvipikiri - zvinhu zvayo zvinobatwa pamwe chete netiweki yakaoma yekubatanidza. Kuvakwa kwechinyakare Chinese fenicha yehuni inonyanya kuve yakavakirwa pamatanda akasimba, akabatanidzwa chete nemajoini seams uye kashoma neglue kana simbi zvipikiri.

Asi nekuda kwekuti basa rekuChina rakachipa rakaita kuti kuvezwa kuve kushanda, rudzi urwu rwefenicha rwakabatsira kufambisa kubudirira kwekambani. Kusimudzwa kwekurambidzwa kwekutengeserana kwegungwa muMing Dynasty kwakabvumira kugoverwa kwematanda akaoma akadai sehuanghuali.

Yaizivikanwawo se "chigaro chemwenje" nekuti chimiro chayo chakada kufanana nemasitepisi aishandiswa kare, waifungidzira, kuturika marambi mumusha weChinese. Zvigaro zveChinese hazvisi kungowedzera kunaka kuimba yako yekutandarira, asi zvakare vanotaura nyaya huru nezve nhoroondo yeChina uye nhoroondo yekugara. Kwemazana emakore, zvigaro zveChinese zvakafadza vese vagadziri uye vateresi vemifananidzo.

Ese akasiyana-siyana madiki-tekiniki eChinese lacquer anogona kuwanikwa pafenicha uye ave kuwanikwa munharaunda uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kubvira Ming Dynasty. Mubhuku rake, anotaura kuti zvigaro zvakaenzana mukunaka kune enemas hazvina kuonekwa mumakore anopfuura 2 000, kusvikira nguva yegoridhe yezvigaro muzana remakore rechi18, apo hunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye kutengeserana kwenyika kwakagadzira zvinhu zvakashongedzwa. seFrench Louis XV armchair uye fenicha ine Chinese / Chirungu cabriole makumbo.